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Pearsall Plan
“The Pearsall Plan to save our schools”, known colloquially as the Pearsall Plan, was North Carolina’s attempt at a moderate approach to integrate their schools after racial segregation of schools was deemed unconstitutional in the famous Brown v. Board of Education trial.〔North Carolina Advisory Committee on Education. The Pearsall Plan to save our schools. (Raleigh, 1956.) http://libcdm1.uncg.edu/cdm/ref/collection/CivilRights/id/533 〕 For many southern states, North Carolina included, the Brown ruling posed a significant problem as they would have to integrate their schools while still appeasing their residents, many of whom maintained prejudices against such integration. North Carolina decided upon an approach that highlighted moderation, acknowledging that school integration was inevitable, rather than acting in strict defiance like Alabama and other southern states.〔Douglas, Davison. Reading, Writing, and Race: The Desegregation of Charlotte Schools. (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1995.), 32〕 In an attempt to find a creative solution to the mandated desegregation, the North Carolina Advisory Committee on Education established the Pearsall Committee, named after its chairman, Thomas J. Pearsall, an agricultural landholder and notable public figure from Rocky Mount, North Carolina.〔Pearsall, Elizabeth. Interview by Walter E. Campbell. Oral Histories of the American South, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. May 25, 1988.〕 The Pearsall Committee created the Pearsall Plan, which worked to slow the integration the North Carolina public school system, a legislative scheme that would hinder the fight for equality for students across the state for years. This legislature was crucial in creating a society that was conducive to the drastic social changes that would occur as a direct result of school integration.
==Terms of the Pearsall Plan==
The Pearsall Plan employed a moderate approach by deflecting the power to integrate schools from the North Carolina State Board of Education to the individual local school boards.〔North Carolina Advisory Committee on Education. The Pearsall Plan to save our schools. (Raleigh, 1956.) http://libcdm1.uncg.edu/cdm/ref/collection/CivilRights/id/533〕 The Pupil Assignment Act, established as a part of the Pearsall Plan, even allowed parents to receive a monetary grant if a child was placed into a mixed school against their will.〔Carlson, Arthur Larentz. “With All Deliberate Speed: The Pearsall Plan and School Desegregation in North Carolina, 1954-1966”(Master’s Thesis., Eastern Carolina University, 2011.)〕 Thus, in an attempt to avoid this problem, many school districts maintained separated schools and denied the transfer waivers of black students into white schools.〔Carlson〕 It also provided that any child not accepted to a private school, who would subsequently be placed into a mixed public school, would not be forced to attend school.〔North Carolina Advisory Committee on Education. The Pearsall Plan to save our schools. (Raleigh, 1956.) http://libcdm1.uncg.edu/cdm/ref/collection/CivilRights/id/533〕 Furthermore, any school that was deemed “intolerable” could be voted to be shut down by the community.〔North Carolina Advisory Committee on Education〕 This allowed a predominantly white neighborhood to vote to shut down a mixed school if they felt it unfit to share such a classroom. According to the Pearsall Committee, their proposition was, “the building of a new school system on a new foundation – a foundation of no racial segregation by law, but assignment according to natural racial preference and the administrative determination of what is best for the child.”〔Douglas, Davison. Reading, Writing, and Race: The Desegregation of Charlotte Schools. (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 32〕 In their opinion, the segregation of schools was natural and would continue to prosper without the aid of laws. The struggle for unified schools in North Carolina continued for the next two decades, ultimately resulting in the integration of schools, proving this committee wrong.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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